Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, arises when the protective cartilage between bones wears down, causing joint damage. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, tenderness, reduced flexibility, a grating sensation, bone spurs, and swelling. Cartilage breakdown, often considered a wear-and-tear disease, leads to bone rubbing on bone, causing inflammation and changes in bone and connective tissues. Risk factors encompass age, female gender, obesity, joint injuries, repetitive stress, genetics, bone deformities, and metabolic diseases like diabetes. Complications may include chronic pain, severe joint damage, and related issues such as depression and sleep disturbances. While osteoarthritis is incurable, management focuses on symptom control through staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and various treatments. Seeking medical attention for persistent joint pain or stiffness is crucial to prevent complications and enhance the quality of life.