Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis, or axial spondyloarthritis, is an inflammatory condition characterized by the gradual fusion of vertebrae in the spine over time, leading to reduced flexibility and a hunched posture. This fusion results from the body’s attempt to heal, with new bone forming and bridging the gaps between vertebrae, causing a flattening of the spine’s natural curves. Two types of axial spondyloarthritis exist: ankylosing spondylitis, detectable through X-rays, and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, diagnosed based on symptoms, blood tests, and imaging when X-rays show no visible signs. Early symptoms often emerge in early adulthood and include morning stiffness, back pain, and fatigue, with inflammation potentially affecting other areas, especially the eyes. While there is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and potentially slow disease progression. Individuals experiencing gradual onset of low back or buttock pain, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity, should seek medical attention, especially if pain improves with exercise and worsens with rest. Immediate consultation with an eye specialist is recommended for those developing a painful red eye, severe light sensitivity, or blurred vision.